What is Transistor ? (Transistor kya hota hai)

 Is post me mene Transistor ke bare jese Transistor kese bnta he, yh kitne parkar ke hote, Transistor ko kha pe use kiya jata, inki pahchan kese ki jati hai etc. Please read with attention.

Transistor semiconductor se bna 3 terminals(Emitter, Base, Collector) ka ek Electronics component hota hai. Yah ek active component hota he. Yah electronics circuits ka bhut hi important component hota hai. Transistor ki invention se Electronics ko ek nyi disha de di.

Iski khoj -- John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.Ne 1997  Me ki.

(a)  Transistors

 

 

(b)  Old Transistor

    

(c) BC 547 NPN Transistor 

      

Construction of Transistor -

Transistor ko P- Type v N-type impurity ko ek semiconductor ki plate pr dopping (Silicon ki plate me theen jgh pr)  krke bnayi jata hai. Transistor me 2 PN junction nirmit ho jate hai. Phir is pure wafer ko insulator se cover kar liya jata hai. Iski Hight lgbhag - 18mm - 20mm with legs or Width - 4mm - 5mm  hoti he. but ye koi standard dimension nhi he di huii dimension anumanit hai. Transistor me 2 PN junction hote hai. Basically iske 3 Terminals( Emitter, Base, Collector ) hoti he jesa  figure me diya gaya hai.

(d)  Construction of PNP Transistor 

Types of Transistor -  Basically transistor 2 Parkar ke hote he. Ye ek doose se jyada alag nhi hote he but inki doping ek doosre se bhinn hoti he. Jis karan inme current ki direction alg hoti hai. 

1- PNP Transistor
2- NPN Transistor

Upper figure me PNP transistor ka construction diya gya he same NPN ki doping bhi ese hi hoti he usme PNP ki jgah NPN hota hai.

PNP Transistor - Yah transistor ek silicon ke wafer (thin plate)  me 2 side me P type material or 1 side me N type material ki doping krke banaya jata hai. In thino region se conductor ki lags bahr nikal li jati hai. Or semiconductor region ko insulator se cover kr liya jata hai. 
Ise circuit me use krne ke liye iske Emitter terminal ko power supply ke Positive Terminal( Forward bias me)  se connect krte hai. Or collector terminal ko power supply ke negative terminal (Reverse bias)  se connect krte hai. Base me Positive power supply (any signal)  dekar current ko control kiya jata hai.  

(e) PNP Transistor Connection

Isme 2 PN junction EB & EC nirmit ho jati hai. 

EB ko hmesa Forword mai or

EC ko hmesa Reverse mai connect karte hai. 

Agar app ke pass koi transistor pdha hai app janna chahte hai ki yha transistor konsa he (PNP or NPN, find to the terminal)  to app us ke upper diye code ko Google me Search kijiye.  Jese hi app search kroge us transistor ka poora detail apko show ho jayega. Niche data sheet search krne ka screenshot diya hai usi parkar app bhi kr skte ho. 

(h)  Process of datasheet searching 

   

(i) Datasheet of 2N2222 Transistor 

Doosra app multimeter ka use krke Transistor ka Resistance Check krke Transistor ko identify kr skte hai. Time ko save krte huee app ko mai ye suggestion duga ki iski data sheet ko internet me search krna chiyye.  
Data sheet ki help se kisi bhi Transistor ki detail li ja skti hai. 

Function (work) of Transistor (Transistor ka kam) - 

Transistor ka use lagbhag Electronics ke sbhi Circuits me use kiya jata hai. Electronics ki koi bhi device ho usme transistor ko mount hona jroori hota hai. 

(1) - Transistor as a Switch (For switching)  - Most important 

(2) - Transistor as a Amplifier 

In do kam krne ke liye transistor ko electronics ki har devices ( Computer, Mobile, TV, Robot, Calculator, Memory, Radio,  Inverter, Music system, Digital clock, Toys,  PLC, Measurement instruments etc.)  me use kiya jata hai.

Most Important thing about Transistor              (1) Circuit mai transistor ka use kne pr bhut adhik transistor ho jate he jisse circuit kafi complex ho jata hai. Isliye trasistor ko IC me fabricate kiya jata hai.

(2) -  Transistor ke combination se Logic Gates, Shift Register, Memory, Micro processor, Microcontroller etc. bnaye jate hai. Iski help se   Advance Technology ka nirman kiya jata hai. 

(3) - Ek Microcontroller me Lakho transistor ka use kiya jata hai. 

(4) - Ek transistor me 2 PN junction hote hai, jinse 2 depletion layer utppn ho jati hai jise Potential barrier khte hai. 

 (5) - Transistor ka potential barrier 0.7 volt ke hote @ Forward bias.  Iska matlb hai jab tk hm transistor ko 0.7 volt se jyada voltage nhi dege transistor conduct nhi krega.

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