230 volt AC se 3 volt ki LED ko jlane ke liye Circuit

220 volt AC se 1 3V ki led ko easly jlaya ja skta hai. Aap bina lmba circuit ke 220 ko 3 volt mai convert kar skte ho LED ko direct glow kra skte ho. 

Yha mene ek bhut hi simple way mai 3V 20mA ki LED ko glow krane ke liye full detail di hai, or sath mai formula bhi diya hai. 

(1). LED with Direct AC 220 V

Simple circuit -    Yah circuit bnane ke liye apko 3 cheeje chahiye. Jesa ki upper circuit diagram mai diya hai..   

• LED 3V 20mA (jyadtar general purpuse LED isi rate mai hoti hai)

• Resistor 10K Ω - 12K  Ω ke beech mai koi bhi.

Circuit bnane ke liye aapko Resistor & LED ko aaps mai serise mai connect krna hoga. Yha App Reisistor ko LED ke kisi bhi termminal mai add kar skte ho, DC circuit mai LED ka +ve and -ve dekha jata hai but AC mai khi pe bhi connect kiya ja skta hai....

(2). LED direct with AC

Jese hi AC supply se connect kiya jata hai LED ON ho jati hai.

Formula: We can find R value using this formula

 

Here 

Vac = 220 volt

ILED = 20mA = 0.02A

So

R = (220-3)/0.02

R = 217/0.02  

R = 10850 Ω = 10.85K Ω

10.85K Ω yah value market mai nhi milti hai to app iske nearest koi bhi value use kar skte hai. usse koi problem nhi ayegi. Mere pass 10.85K Ω nhi tha isliye mene ye experiment  10K Ω se kiya.

Here 

Rwatt = 0.02x0.02 x 10,000 Ω

Rwatt = 4 Watt  

Aap 4 Watt pe yah bhut achha kam krega or long time tak chlega. If you don't have 4watt resistor you can use its nearest value.

You can use 1N4007 Diode in series of LED with resistor to make it more better 

Application :-  

• As a power indicator 
• Emergency requirement 
• As a Power tester etc.

Also read

                               

                         

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Voltage divider Circuit | वोल्टेज डिवाइडर

Voltage Divider ka use basically DC and AC dono types ke voltage ko divide krne ke liye kiya jata hai. Niche post mai detail mai alag - alag components ke use se voltage divide krne treeke btaye gye hai.

(1). Voltage Divider Circuit

Voltage divider ka use use electronic circuit mai kafi kiya jata hai or yah bhut hi useful hai, Agar hme 9 volt ko 4 volt mai convert krna hai to ham is technic se easily kar skte hai . Please read it with attention !.

Voltage divider circuit ko 3 treeke se bnaya ja skta :

• Resistive Voltage Divider circuit 
• Capacitive Voltage Divider circuit
• Inductive Voltage Divider circuit

Resistive Voltage Divider circuit :-

Yah circuit Resistor ka use krke bnaya jata hai. Yah circuit DC v AC don ko step-down kar skta hai. Niche circuit ke according R1, R2 ki value ko change krke output voltage ko change kar skte hai.

(2). ResistiveVoltage divider Circuit

Formula :-

Here  

  R1 & R2 =  Resistor Value

Vo = Output Voltage

Vi = Input Voltage

For Example--  Vi = 9V,  R1 = 1000 ohm, R2 = 600

Than               Output Vo =  (9 X 600)/ (1000+600)

                                    Vo = 3.375 V 

Note - Agar R1, R2 ki value same hoti hai to Output votage (Vo), Input voltage (Vi) ki half ho jati hai. Mean Agar Vi =10V hai to Vo= 5V ho jayegi.

Capacitive Voltage Divider circuit :- 

Yah circuit Capacitor ka use krke bnaya jata hai. Yah circuit basically AC  ko step-down krne ke liya bnaya jata hai. Niche circuit ke according C1, C2 ki value ko change krke output voltage ko change kar skte hai, sath hi agar frequency bhi change hone par voltage change ho jata hai. Yah theoretical and Practically dono treeke se easily voltage ko measure kiya ja skta hai.

(3). Capacitive Voltage divider 

Here  

        Xc1 & Xc2 =  Capacitive reactance value

  Vo = Output Voltage

Vi = Input Voltage

                 here            Xc = 1/2𝛑fc

                      𝛑 = 3.14

                              f  = Input voltage frequency 

                              c = Capacitance of capacitor    

Inductive Voltage Divider cπircuit :-

Yah circuit Inductor ka use krke bnaya jata hai. Yah circuit basically AC  ko step-down krne ke liya bnaya jata hai. Neeche circuit ke according L1, L2 ki value ko change krke output voltage ko change kar skte hai, sath hi agar frequency bhi change hone par voltage change ho jata hai. 

Yaha theoretical and Practically dono treeke se easily voltage ko measure kiya ja skta hai.

(4). Inductive Voltage Divider

Here  

  XL1 & XL2 =  Resistor Value

              Vo = Output Voltage

            Vi = Input Voltage

Here      XL  =  2𝛑fL      

 𝛑 = 3.14

                                                f  = Input voltage frequency 

                                                L = Inductance of Inductor   

Summary - Voltage Divider ka use sensor based project or ADC projects mai kafi kiya jata, e.g. Kisi resistive voltage divider ke kisi ek resistor ko hta kar uski jagah resistive sensor (LDR, Thermistor, strain gauge etc.) ka use kiya jata hai jisse yah circuit Microcontoller ke liye ADC ka kam krta hai.

                               

                               Electronics क्या  है ? 

                              Voltage Regulator IC 7805, 7809, 7812

                               Sensor 

                               Embedded System Protocol                                     
                               Logic Gate | लॉजिक गेट 
                               
                               

                         

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Logic Gate | लॉजिक गेट

Logic Gate ese electronic circuit hote hai jiske upper poori digital electronic bni hai. Bina logic gate ke koi bhi Digital system (आटोमेटिक सिस्टम ) nhi bnaya ja skta hai. Iss post mai Logic gate ki working, Logic symbol, Types of logic gate, Truth table etc. ke bare mai diya hai.

Definition:- Vah electronic circuit jo digital system (Computer, Memory, smart electronics devices) ke ese part hote hai jo 1 ya 1 se adhik input data lete hai or inputs ke base par 1 nya output data generate kate hai Logic Gates kahlate hai.

General Logic Gate ko Transistor and Diode ki help se bnaya jata hai. 

Ex-- Simple language mai kho to jab ham Phone se picture lete hai to vah digital form (0, 1) mai memory mai save ho jati hai, or memory bhut sare logic gates ke combination se bnayi jati hai.

TYPES OF MAIN LOGIC GATES:

AND Gate
OR Gate
NOT Gate
NAND Gate
NOR Gate

AND gate:
AND gate logical multiplication ke base mai work krta hai. Mean agar iske input mai koi bhi data 0 hota hai to output hmesa 0 hota hai.

Boolean Expression (Output):  Y = A.B

TRUTH TABLE:  2 input AND gate ka truth table niche diya hoa he jisme A aur B input he or Y output hai.

Input A	Input B	Output Y
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	1

Note - Yha Logic gates ke symbol diye gye hai. Ek actual gate ka circuit electronic components ke use se bnaye jate hai jo ki bhut logo ko pta nhi hota, Gates ka actual electronic circuit and use dusri post mai diya gya hai.
OR Gate:  OR gate logical Addition ke base mai work krta hai. Mean agar iske input mai koi bhi data 1 hota hai to output hmesa 1hota hai.                                                      

Boolean Expression: Y = A + B

TRUTH TABLE:  2 input OR gate ka truth table niche diya hoa he jisme A aur B input he or Y output hai.





    
Input A
    
Input B
 
    
Output Y
  

    
0
    
0
    
0
  

    
0
    
1
    
1
  

    
1
    
0
    
1
  

    
1
    
1
    
1
  

NOT Gate or Inverter:
The NOT gate or Inverter wo logic gate hota jisme ek input(A) aur ek output(Y) hota. NOT Gate 1 ko 0 mai & 0 ko 1 mai convert karta hai.

Boolean Expression:        Y = Ā

TRUTH TABLE: NOT gate ka truth table niche diya gya hai, jisme A  he or Y output hai.

Input A	Output Y
0	1
1	0

NAND Gate:
 NAND gate ko AND gate & NOT gate ko add krke bnaya jata hai. Mean jab AND ke aage NOT ko add kar diya jata hai.

Koi bhi input 0 hone par Output hmesa 1 hota hai.

NAND gate ko  universal gate bhi kaha jata hai. kyuki keval isi gate ki help se hum koi bhi gate ko bna sakte he jese AND, OR aur NOT gate.

Boolean Expression:      Y =  A.B 



TRUTH TABLE:  2 input OR gate ka truth table niche diya hoa he jisme A aur B input he or Y output hai.






    
Input A
    
Input B
 
    
Output Y
  

    
0
    
0
    
1
  

    
0
    
1
    
1
  

    
1
    
0
    
1
  

    
1
    
1
    
0
  

NOR gate:

NOR gate,  OR gate & NOT gate ko add krke bnaya jata hai. Iska output tbhi high (1) hota hai jab sare input low (0) hoge

NOR gate bhi ek universal gate kuki iski help se AND, OR, NOT gate ko bnaya ja skta hai.

Boolean Expression:        Y =    A+B 

TRUTH TABLE:  2 input OR gate ka truth table niche diya hoa he jisme A aur B input he or Y output hai.

Input A	Input B	Output Y
0	0	1
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	0

Boolean expression mai hmrsa - 1.1 = 1, 1+1 = 1,  1.0 = 0,  0.1 = 0 & 1+0 = 1 hota hai.

Truth table mai number of possible condition 2n          

hoti hai. Yha 'n' number of input lines ko show krta hai.

So 2 input A, B ke liye number of condition = 22 

                                                                                 = 4 hai.

           All Electronic Components| इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कंपोनेंट्स 

                         Use of Electronic 
                
                         Voltage Regulator IC

                        Transistor Switching with Relay



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Basic Knowledge of Electronics Circuit

Different types ke electronics components ke combination se kisi kam ko krne ke liye ek circuit bnaya jata hai jise electronic circuit kha jata hai. Circuits mai jin  different types ke components (Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Inductor, Transistor, IC, Sensor, Transformer, LED etc. ) ka use kiya jata hai unki working bhi alag-alag hoti hai. 

(1). Basic Knowledge Of Electronics Circuit

Circuit mai components ko inke role (working) ke base mai lgaya jata hai. Jis components ka jo kam hota circuit mai vah apni properties ke according work krta hai. 

Electronics circuit ku or kese bnaya jata hai ?

Electronics circuit ki help se ham different types ki Devices, Machine, Equipment, Robotics, Home appliances etc. bnate hai.
 Example-- Mobile phone, TV, Washing washing controlling system, Energy meter, Chargers, Power bank,  Computers, Music system, Digital displays, Cameras, Measuring instruments, Digital thermometer, Medical Equipment, Toys, Video game, GPS and Navigation  system, Satellite system, Digital communication system, Home automaton etc. 

Electronic circuit 2 types ke hote hai- 
1.- Analog Circuit 
2.- Digital Circuit


Simple Electronic circuit bnane ke liye  kam se kam 5 chijo ki requirement hoti hai.

• Electronics Components
• PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
• Circuit Layout or Design and Layout Design software
• Soldering tools and Equipment
• Software (Were data and controlling required)

Electronic Components -

Electronics components 2 types ke hote hai 

1.- Passive components -  Resistor, Capacitor, Indudctor, Transformer, Relay etc.
2.- Active Components - Diode, Transistor, ICs, Microcontroller 

PCB- 

PCB (Printed Circuit Board)  ek fiber ki plate hoti hai jiske upper copper ka Layout (Circuit) bnaya jata hai. PCB Electronic circuit ka ek medium hai jisme Copper Layout ki help se Components ko mount kiya jata hai.


Also read -Circuit design Process (PCB डिज़ाइन कैसे किया जाता है)

Circuit Layout or and Layout Design software - 

Layout ko PCB ke upper bnaya jata hai jo copper ka bna hota hai. Sbse phle Layout ko ek PCB design software ki help se design kiya jata hai. fir is layout ko PCB mai print kar diya jata hai. 

         

(2). Circuit Diagram design in Altium

                            

(3). PCB Layout design process in Altium

Soldering tools and Equipment

In equipment ki help se Components ko Layout ke sath connect (soldering) kiya jata hai. Production mai SMD components or THT components ki soldering process alag-alag hoti hai.

Basically soldering krne ke 4 types hai.

• By soldering Iron
• Dip soldering
• Wave soldering
• Re-flow soldering

(4). Different type of soldering Tools

Software -

Software ki jroort tab pdhti jab ham Embedded system based circuit bnate. Mtlab in circuit mai ham Microcontroller  ka use karte hai . Sensor ko interface krane ke liye bhi software ki jroort pdhti hai. Ese circuit ka use automation  mai kiya jata hai, or device automatic kam krti hai and Data ko transfer and store bhi kiya jata hai. Software C, C++, Python etc. language mai generate kiya jata hai. Software,,, devices ki functioning ke according bnaya jata hai. 

  Also read
                        What is SMT Components
                       
                        Use of Electronic 
                        
                        Electronics companies in India
                        
                        Voltage Regulator IC
                        
                        Transistor Switching with Relay


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Mobile Payment Apps Use Krne Walo Ke liye Jroori Sawdhaniya

Hello friends agar aap Online Recharge, Online Money Transfer, Online Bill Payment krne ke liye koi bhi App (ऐप ) use kar rhe ho jese - Phone pe, Paytm, Google pay etc. to apko iski security or processing ko jaroor pdhna chahiye nhi to apko bhut bda nuksan ho skta hai.

Friends mai khud Online Payment  Apps ka use krta hu or inki security ko bhi janta hu jo mai app ko bhi btauga.

(1).Security of online Payment apps

Friends wese to ye Apps bhut useful hai. Ye Apps Digital India ke tahat kafi upgrade hue hai or yah ek smart technology (UPI technology) hai. Jab se mai in Apps ka use kar rha hu tab se mai banking, bill payment, recharge etc. ko apne mobile phone se easily kar leta hu jisse time bhi kafi save ho jata hai.


Friends  inn Apps ko vo har insan use kar skta hai jiske pass 1 Authorised Bank account and Mobile Number ho. But aap usi mobile number ka use kar skte hai jo ki bank ke sath link ho.

But friends is technology mai online Fraud (ठगी ), Hacking cheating ke cases market mai bdhne lge hai. To apka account hacking se bchane ke liye kuchh important tips di hai jisse apka account secure rhega or App bina problem ke payment kar sakte ho.

Also read :-  Mobile Radiation kya hai, Iske kya nuksan hai

7 Important Tips For You:-

(1). Play store mai bhut sare Online Payment Apps mil jayege but app authorised Apps hi use kare jese- PhonePe, Paytm, Google Pay. Ye apps fully authorised hai.  

(2). Kisi bhi unknown person ki help se apna account in Apps ke sath add na kare. Kuchh fraud call krke lalch dene ki kossi krte, inke lalch me bilkul na aye.

(3). In Apps mai do trah ke pin use hote hai MPIN and UPI PIN. App in pin ko secret rkhiye. Jab bhi app koi payment kro dhyan rkhiye khoi dekh na rha ho. 

(4). Apna UPI PIN or OTP kisi ke sath share na kre, ye dono pin sirf app ke phone mai app ke liye hota hai doosra koi mage to turant report kre. Dhyan rkhna agar apse koi bhi person OTP ya UPI pin mage to app smjh jaye koi fraud kar rha hai.

(5). Ese kisi bhi link mai click na kre jo ki HTTPS:// se start na ho agar apne link mai click kar bhi diya to app apni koi bhi information feed na kre. Agar vha pe kuchh allow krne ke liye pooche to bilkul nhi krna hai.

(6).Social media mai kuchh fraud log apse bat krne ki kosis karte hai or apki account se related information lene ki kosis karte hai Please inko koi bhi information na de.  

(7). Agar apka koi business hai ya app koi shop keeper hai or app QR code (Quick Response code) ke through Payment receive karte hai to dhyan de ki sender jo payment received slip dikh rha hai vo ajj ki date ki ho or app ke account nam se ho. Kuki kuchh log purani date ki received dikha dete hai.

Friends agar app upper di hui sbhi bato ka palan krege to aapka Account koi bhi hack nhi kr skta hai. Or itna kam to har kisi  ko krna bhi pdhega. In tips ko follow ki jiye apka account 99% secure rhega.

Kuki friends ajakl sare kam smart or digital treeke  ke se ho rhe hai or crime krne wale Technology ka galt use kar rhe, isliye aap alert rhiye or technology ka use kijiye par legal treeke se.

Note - Friends agar App abhi tak Online Payment App use nhi krte hai or App use krna chahte hai to mene niche Paytm, Phone pe and Google pay ka secure link diya hai yha se app easily Apps ko download kar skte hai. 

Phone pe -             https://phon.pe/ru_raje1ec29

Google pay -          https://g.co/payinvite/d2h03f

Paytm -                  https://m.p-y.tm/invite?code=tghpyubhu

    Also read
                        Cell phone ko overheat hone se kese bchaye
                                    
                         Full for of OTP, HTTPS, WWW, PIN etc
                  
              Different types of measuring instruments (मापन  यंत्र )

                   Technical Short form and Full Form  


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