What is Transistor ? (Transistor kya hota hai)

 Is post me mene Transistor ke bare jese Transistor kese bnta he, yh kitne parkar ke hote, Transistor ko kha pe use kiya jata, inki pahchan kese ki jati hai etc. Please read with attention.

Transistor semiconductor se bna 3 terminals(Emitter, Base, Collector) ka ek Electronics component hota hai. Yah ek active component hota he. Yah electronics circuits ka bhut hi important component hota hai. Transistor ki invention se Electronics ko ek nyi disha de di.

Iski khoj -- John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley.Ne 1997  Me ki.

(a)  Transistors

 

 

(b)  Old Transistor

    

(c) BC 547 NPN Transistor 

      

Construction of Transistor -

Transistor ko P- Type v N-type impurity ko ek semiconductor ki plate pr dopping (Silicon ki plate me theen jgh pr)  krke bnayi jata hai. Transistor me 2 PN junction nirmit ho jate hai. Phir is pure wafer ko insulator se cover kar liya jata hai. Iski Hight lgbhag - 18mm - 20mm with legs or Width - 4mm - 5mm  hoti he. but ye koi standard dimension nhi he di huii dimension anumanit hai. Transistor me 2 PN junction hote hai. Basically iske 3 Terminals( Emitter, Base, Collector ) hoti he jesa  figure me diya gaya hai.

(d)  Construction of PNP Transistor 

Types of Transistor -  Basically transistor 2 Parkar ke hote he. Ye ek doose se jyada alag nhi hote he but inki doping ek doosre se bhinn hoti he. Jis karan inme current ki direction alg hoti hai. 

1- PNP Transistor
2- NPN Transistor

Upper figure me PNP transistor ka construction diya gya he same NPN ki doping bhi ese hi hoti he usme PNP ki jgah NPN hota hai.

PNP Transistor - Yah transistor ek silicon ke wafer (thin plate)  me 2 side me P type material or 1 side me N type material ki doping krke banaya jata hai. In thino region se conductor ki lags bahr nikal li jati hai. Or semiconductor region ko insulator se cover kr liya jata hai. 
Ise circuit me use krne ke liye iske Emitter terminal ko power supply ke Positive Terminal( Forward bias me)  se connect krte hai. Or collector terminal ko power supply ke negative terminal (Reverse bias)  se connect krte hai. Base me Positive power supply (any signal)  dekar current ko control kiya jata hai.  

(e) PNP Transistor Connection

Isme 2 PN junction EB & EC nirmit ho jati hai. 

EB ko hmesa Forword mai or

EC ko hmesa Reverse mai connect karte hai. 

Agar app ke pass koi transistor pdha hai app janna chahte hai ki yha transistor konsa he (PNP or NPN, find to the terminal)  to app us ke upper diye code ko Google me Search kijiye.  Jese hi app search kroge us transistor ka poora detail apko show ho jayega. Niche data sheet search krne ka screenshot diya hai usi parkar app bhi kr skte ho. 

(h)  Process of datasheet searching 

   

(i) Datasheet of 2N2222 Transistor 

Doosra app multimeter ka use krke Transistor ka Resistance Check krke Transistor ko identify kr skte hai. Time ko save krte huee app ko mai ye suggestion duga ki iski data sheet ko internet me search krna chiyye.  
Data sheet ki help se kisi bhi Transistor ki detail li ja skti hai. 

Function (work) of Transistor (Transistor ka kam) - 

Transistor ka use lagbhag Electronics ke sbhi Circuits me use kiya jata hai. Electronics ki koi bhi device ho usme transistor ko mount hona jroori hota hai. 

(1) - Transistor as a Switch (For switching)  - Most important 

(2) - Transistor as a Amplifier 

In do kam krne ke liye transistor ko electronics ki har devices ( Computer, Mobile, TV, Robot, Calculator, Memory, Radio,  Inverter, Music system, Digital clock, Toys,  PLC, Measurement instruments etc.)  me use kiya jata hai.

Most Important thing about Transistor              (1) Circuit mai transistor ka use kne pr bhut adhik transistor ho jate he jisse circuit kafi complex ho jata hai. Isliye trasistor ko IC me fabricate kiya jata hai.

(2) -  Transistor ke combination se Logic Gates, Shift Register, Memory, Micro processor, Microcontroller etc. bnaye jate hai. Iski help se   Advance Technology ka nirman kiya jata hai. 

(3) - Ek Microcontroller me Lakho transistor ka use kiya jata hai. 

(4) - Ek transistor me 2 PN junction hote hai, jinse 2 depletion layer utppn ho jati hai jise Potential barrier khte hai. 

 (5) - Transistor ka potential barrier 0.7 volt ke hote @ Forward bias.  Iska matlb hai jab tk hm transistor ko 0.7 volt se jyada voltage nhi dege transistor conduct nhi krega.

    Also read

                              First Microprocessor of India 

                       Electronics क्या  है ? 

                       Radiation क्या है ?     

                   

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Transistor Switching with Relay

Hello Friends, Iss Post mai Transistor ki switching krne ki process di gyi hai sath hi   Transistor ke sath Relay add karke ek complete or simple circuit bnaya gya hai. Iss post ko read karne ke bad app Transistor or Relay ka  function or  work ko achhe se smjh jayege. 

Sath hi iss process se hmm ye bhi janege ki ek light Bulb ko kese automatically  ON or Off kiya jata hai.

Please read it with attention

(2) Circuit Diagram of transistor switching 

Working of  Above Circuit Diagram :

Circuit Diagram mai lga Transistor ek water ke nal ki trah kam krta hai. Transistor ka collector VCC se connect hai or Emitter Ground se connect hai. Jab tak koi supply ya Pulse Transistor ke base mai nhi diya jat hai, tab tak Relay or Transistor se hoke koi bhi current flow nhi hoti hai. 

If you have any question so you can ask in comment box

Iss condition  mai Light Bulb bhi glow nhi karta hai. Bulb tab ON hota hai jab Relay ki Coil mai current flow hoti hai. Ye tbhi possible jab Transistor ON hoga.

Jese hi Transistor ke Base mai koi positive pulse  di jati hai to Transistor  Cut OFF region se Saturation region mai aa jata hai it means Transistor ON ho jata hai. Usi time Vcc se current Relay or Transistor ke through Ground ho jati hai. 
Kuki Relay ki coil se current flow ho rhi hai to is time Coil ke around ek Magnetic field bn jata hai. 

Magnetic field ke karan Relay ka liver jo upper utha hai vo,  Nichhe ki or aa jata hai, Jis karn AC line bulb wali line mai flow hone lagti hai or Bulb glow ho jata hai.

(2) SMPS Board for Switching 

Jese hi Transistor ke base se Pulse ko htaya jata hai to transistor cut OFF region mai aa jata hai. That is Transistor OFF ho jata hai. Jis karan relay se koi current flow nhi hoti hai.

 Or relay ki coil discharge ho jatai hai, jis karan relay liver upper uth jata hai or Bulb OFF oh jata hai.

Also read 

             Identification of Electronic Components 

          What is Electronics  

          Electronics Companies in India 

          

        

Use of Diode in this circuit  -    (Flywheel Diode) :

 Yha diode ka kafi important role hai. Ye diode revers bias mai lgayaa jata hai. Generally Iss diode ka use Relay ki coil ko discharge karne ke liye kiya jata hai. Iss diode ko lgane se switching mai koi delay nhi ata hai.

Hmm Iss type ke circuit ka use automation mai karte hai. Microcontroller  ka or iss switching process ka use karke different type ke electric Equipments or Appliances  smart treeke se operate kar skte hai.

          Also read 
                    Electronics क्या  है ? 

                    Electronics Companies in India

                    Radiation क्या है ?                      

                         

                   Electronics circuit designing & Layout designing process in Hindi 

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50 Important Electronics Engineering Objective Question in Hindi+English

Iss post mai science and technology ke 50 most important objective question answer diye gye hai. Ye question exam or GK ke purpose se bhut hi useful hai. Ye question Har kisi ko pta hona chiyye. Kuki knowledge ke according hi hm apna decision lete hai.
Iss post mai different- different types ke objective question diye gye hai.

Please read it with attention 

1. Vah device jo kisi sound (aawaj)  ko electrical signal mai convert krta hai ?

             (a)  Speaker 

             (b)  Micro- phone (Mic)

             (c)  Sensor

             (d)  Non of these 







2. Transistor kon se region mai as a amplifier  kam krta hai?

             (a)  Active region 

             (b)  Saturation region

             (c)  Cut-off region 

             (d)  Both (a), (b)

3. Transistor kon se region mai switching ke liye use kiya jata hai ?

             (a)  Active region 

             (b)  Saturation region

             (c)  Cut-off region 

             (d)  Both (a), (c)

4.  BC547 kya hai hai ?

             (a)  FET

             (b)  PNP transistor 

             (c)  NPN transistor 

             (d)  Non of these  

5. BC557 kya hai ?

             (a)   MOSFET

             (b)   PNP transistor 

             (c)   NPN transistor 

             (d)  Non of these 

6. Kisi Ceramic capacitor ke upper 104 likha hai to iska capacitance ktna hoga ?

             (a)  100 nF

             (b)  10 nF

             (c)  1 nF

             (d)  1uF

7. 8051 kitne bit ka microcontroller hai ?

             (a)  64bit

             (b)  32 bit 

             (c)  16 bit

             (d)  8 bit

8. MOSFET ka full form ?

             (a)  Metal Oxide Field Effect Transformer 

             (b)  Metal Oxide Field Electric Transistor

             (c)  Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor

             (d)  Non of these 

9. SCR ka full form ?

             (a)  Silicon Control Resistor 

             (b)  Silicon Capacitor & Resistor 

             (c)  Silicon Control Rectifier 

             (d)  Non of these

10. LED ka Full form ?

             (a)  Light Emitting Diode 

             (b)  Light Effect Diode 

             (c)  both (a,b)

             (d)  Non of these

Answer of Above 10 Questions-  

1- (b) Micro- phone (Mic), 2- (a) Active region , 3 - (b) Saturation region, 4- (c) NPN transistor,  5- (b) PNP transistor ,  
6- (a) 100 nF,  7- (d) 8 bit,   8- (c) Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor,  9- (c) Silicon Control Rectifier,  10- (a) Light Emitting Diode

11. kisi 2 point ke beech current ko le jane wale ko kya khte hai?

             (a)  Loop

             (b)  Network 

             (c)  Circuit 

             (d)  Non of these  

12. Kisi circuit mai resistance ke increase hone par current ke flow mai kya effect hota hai ?

             (a)  Decrease hoti hai

             (b)  Increase hoti hai 

             (c)  Constant hoti hai 

             (d)  Non of these 

13. Kisi conductor ka temperature bdhne par us conductor ka resistance ?

             (a)  Decrease hoti hai

             (b)  Increase hoti hai 

             (c)  Constant hoti hai 

             (d)  Non of these 

14. Kisi Semi-conductor ka temperature bdhne par us conductor ka resistance ?

             (a)  Decrease hoti hai

             (b)  Increase hoti hai

             (c)  Constant hoti hai 

             (d)  Non of these 

15. Kisi transistor mai kitne PN junctions hote hai?

             (a)  1

             (b)  2

             (c)  3

             (d)  4

16. Transistor ka DC current gain kya hota hai ?

             (a)  Ratio of Collector Current to Base Current

             (b)  Ratio of Collector Current to Emitter current

             (c)  Ratio of Emitter Current to Base Current

             (d)  Ratio of Emitter Current to Collector Current

17.  Transistor BC547 ka SMD version ?

             (a)  647

             (b)  747

             (c)  847

             (d)  947

18. Bidirectional diode ka circuit mai kya use hai ?

             (a) Transient-voltage-suppression 

             (b)  High voltage

             (c)  Low voltage 

             (d)  Non of these 

19. Kisi SMD resistor mai 1201 print hai to iska resistance kitna hoga ?

             (a)  12 ohm

             (b)  12k ohm

             (c)  1.2k ohm

             (d)  1.2 ohm


20. Inme se konsa SMD resistor ka package nhi hai ?

             (a)  0805

             (b)  0603

             (c)  0502

             (d)  0201

Answer of Above 10 Questions-  

11- (c) Circuit , 12- (a) Decrease hoti hai, 13- (b) Increase hoti hai , 14- (a) Decrease hoti hai, 15- (b) 2,  16- (a) Ratio of Collector Current to Base Current, 17- (c) 847, 18- (a) Transient-voltage-suppression , 19- (c) 1.2k ohm , 20- (c) 0502


21. Mobile charger kis technologies kis technologies mai work krta hai ?

             (a)  AC to DC

             (b)  DC to AC

             (c)  step down 

             (d)  Fly-back switching technology

22. Us bridge diode ki output frequency kya hogi jiski input frequency 60Hz hai ?

             (a)  120 Hz

             (b)  100 Hz

             (c)   60 Hz

             (d)  50 Hz

23. Konsa Capacitor High energy ko store krta hai ?

             (a)  Electrolyte 

             (b)  Mica 

             (c)  Ceramic 

             (d)  Polyester 

24. Super conductor ka resistance kitna hota hai ?

             (a)  0

             (b)  ∞

             (c)  greater than 0

             (d)  Non of these

25. 1 diode and 1 1k ohm ke resistor ko series mai lga kar 9 volt ka voltage apply kiya jata hai circuit mai current kitna flow hogi ?

             (a)  0 A

             (b)  6.3 mA

             (c)  8.3 A

             (d)  8.3 mA

26. ek transistor CE mode, VCC = +20 V. ydi transistor  cut off region mai ho to , VCE =

             (a)  +20

             (b)  +10

             (c)  +30

             (d)   0

27. Transistor ka input impedance hota hai?

             (a)  Very High

             (b)  High

             (c)  Low 

             (d)  Zero

28. Transitor mai α  ki value kitni hoti hai?

             (a)  0

             (b)  1

             (c)  99

             (d)  0<1

29. Transistor ka output impedance?

             (a)  Very low 

             (b)  Low 

             (c)  High

             (d)  0

30. Transistor ka konsa arrangement sbse jyada use kiya jata hai?

             (a)  Common Emitter

             (b)  Common Base

             (c)  Common Collector

             (d)  Non of these

Answer of Above 10 Questions-  


21- (c) Fly-back switching technology, 22- (a) 120Hz,  23- (b) Mica , 24- (a) 0, 25- (d) 8.3 mA,  26- (a)  +20,  27- (c) Low, 
28- (b) 1,  29- (c) High,  30- (a) Common Emitter,


31. Binary No. 1101 ki decimal value kya hogi ?

             (a)  11

             (b)  12

             (c)  13
             (d)  14

32. Universal gate konsa hota hai.?

             (a)  OR Gate

             (b)  AND gate

             (c)  NAND gate

             (d)  NOT gate

33. Kisi NOT gate ke Input mai '1'signal dete hai to to output signal kya hota hai ?

             (a)  0

             (b)  1

             (c)  10

             (d)  100

34. Ek half adder ka output kya hoga ?

             (a)  Sum and carry

             (b)  Carry

             (c)   Sum

             (d)  Non of these

35. Vah konsi devices hai jisme 1 input or many output hote hai?

             (a)  Multiplexer

             (b)  Demultiplexer

             (c)  Coder

             (d)  Decoder

36. 1's Complement of 1100101 ?

             (a)  1100100

             (b)  0011010

             (c)  0110011

             (d)  Non of these

37. Flip-flop kya hai ?

             (a)  Group of register

             (b)  Group of memory

             (c)  Group of  tranasitor

             (d)  Non of these

38. Full form of ADC ?

             (a)  Analog to Digital Coder

             (b)  Amplify after  Digital convesion 

             (c)  Analog to Digital Converter 

             (d)  Non of these

39. 1 TB kiske brabar hai

             (a)  1024 GB

             (b)  1024 MB

             (c)  1024 KB

             (d)  1024 Byte

40. Inme se knsa communication protocol nhi hai ?

             (a)  I2C

             (b)  UART

             (c)  SPI

             (d)  None of these 

Answer of Above 10 Question-  

31- (c) 13,  32- (c) NAND, 33- (a) 0, 34-  (a) Sum and carry,       35- (b) Demultiplexer, 36- (b) 0011010, 37- (a)  Group of register, 38-  (c)  Analog to Digital Converter , 
39- (a)  1024 GB, 40-  (d)  None of these 

41. Full form of RTL ?

             (a)  Register- Tranasistor Logic

             (b)  Resistor- Tranasistor Inductor

             (c)  Both a, b

             (d)  Non of these

42. Counter Devices kya krti hai?

             (a)  Input ko count krti hai

             (b)  output ko count krti hai

             (c)  Variable ko count krti hai
             (d)  Kisi event ke time ko store krti hai

43 . Counter kitne types ke hote hai?

             (a)  1

             (b)  2

             (c)  3

             (d)  4

44. Logic gate ek esa electronics circuit hota hai jo ?

             (a)  Logic decision krta hai

             (b)  Current ko ek direction mai flow krta hai

             (c)  Circuit ko protect krta hai

             (d)  Circuit ko control krta hai

45. Ek X-OR gate tbhi output high deta ha jab do input ?

             (a)  Same hote hai

             (b)  Different

             (c)  High

             (d)  Low

46. Sbhi flip-flop ........ bit store krte hai ?

             (a)  8 bit

             (b)  4 bit 

             (c)  1 bit

             (d)  0 bit

47. Boolean algebra AB+A =........... ?

             (a)  A

             (b)  B

             (c)  AB

             (d)  A+B

47. Boolean algebra, A+A =........... ?

             (a)  A

             (b)  B

             (c)  AB

             (d)  A+B

49. 3 variable (x,y,z) ke liye kitne minterms hote hai ?

             (a)  0

             (b)  1

             (c)  4

             (d)  8

50. K-Map mai 4 variable(w,x,y,z) ke liye kitne cells hote hai?

             (a)  2

             (b)  4

             (c)  8

             (d)  16

Answer of Above 10 Question-  

41- (c) 7805, 42- (d) Kisi event ke time ko store krti hai, 43- (c) 3, 44- (d) Passive, 45- (d) Both b,c, 46- (b) MOV, 47- (c) Printed Circuit Board, 48- (c) 10 volt, 49- (d) 8, 50- (d) 16

       Also read
                        Cell phone ko overheat hone se kese bchaye
                                    
                                    How to make C program for Calculator in Hindi
                  
              Different types of measuring instruments (मापन  यंत्र )

                   Technical Short form and Full Form  


Dear readers if you have any question and suggestions related to my any post or My site (Electronics & Technology)  so you can leave message in comment box. I will try to give answer of your questions in short time.

Please share my post link and Follow

Thank you very much